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Erosion modeling techniques provide a framework for the evaluation of agricultural impacts on soil and water resources. Agricultural policies or economic incentives generally induce land use changes or even agricultural crop rotation changes. This results in a different erosional behavior of cultivated soil. Besides economic benefits, the sustainability of the agricultural practices with regard to...
The most common index to predict rainfall erosivity is based on the kinetic energy (KE) and the maximum intensity in a 30-min period. However, rainfalls recorded in the Mediterranean climate are, in most cases, the short duration (<30 min) and the high intensity. The goal of this work was to improve rainfall erosivity indices for the Mediterranean conditions from experimental interrill soil losses...
Rainfall erosivity is the potential ability for rainfall to cause soil loss. Erosivity can be quantified by means of the R factor calculation of the universal soil loss equation (USLE). The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of annual rainfall erosivity in Brazil. For each of eight Brazilian regions covering the whole of the territory of Brazil, one adapted equation...
Pluviographic data at 15 min interval from 6 stations in Pulau Penang of Peninsular Malaysia were used to compute rainfall erosivity factor (R) for the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Three different modelling procedures were applied for the estimation of monthly rainfall erosivity (EI 30 ) values. While storm rainfall (P) and duration (D) data were used in the first approach,...
Sand-filled splash cups were used to study the erosivity of rainfall and throughfall in the humid subtropics of southeast China. Our results showed that the splash cup measurements yielded precise and reproducible results both under open field conditions and under forest vegetation. The splash cups were exposed to forest stands of different age and to selected species (Schima superba, Castanopsis...
The results of an experiment to evaluate the effect of rainfall characteristics on organic carbon (OC) losses and on the type of particles mobilised by erosion under natural rainfall and under different land uses (non-disturbed forested area, and a non-irrigated olive cropland) at plot scale are presented. Labile (particulate organic carbon, POC) and stable (mineral associated organic carbon, MOC)...
In this paper, rainfall erosivity based on different time intervals was evaluated for the Penedès region (Northeast Spain), an area affected by high erosion processes. Characteristics of storms (duration, maximum intensity, depth and frequency) recorded in the area were analysed using a tipping-bucket series, which was used to estimate rainfall erosivity from hourly data (1997–2013), recorded at four...
CLIGEN (CLImate GENerator) is a stochastic weather generator that produces daily estimates of precipitation and individual storm parameters, including time to peak, peak intensity and storm duration. These parameters are typically used as inputs for other models, such as the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. Although CLIGEN has been proven to be effective for predicting daily estimates,...
This study evaluated rainfall erosivity and its changes in China's dryland region during 1961–2012, using a daily rainfall erosivity model, ArcGIS based spatial interpolation tools, and the Mann–Kendall and Sen's methods. It was found that mean rainfall erosivity was 2–4098MJmmha−1h−1a−1 in the region, with the regional average of 794MJmmha−1h−1a−1, showing a significant increase trend accordingly...
The R-factor of the Universal Soil Loss Equation is a commonly used erosivity index for predicting soil loss from agricultural hillslopes. This factor is calculated from the total kinetic energy (E) and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity of a storm (I30), requiring sub-hourly rainfall information. However, sub-hourly rainfall data are usually scarce worldwide, whereas hourly and other coarser resolutions...
The potential change in rainfall erosivity, the R-factor in the RUSLE model was investigated under three future climate change scenarios A1FI, A1B and B1 in the New River basin of East Tennessee. Data from Community Climate System Model (CCSM) global circulation model (GCM) was used for spatial–temporal statistical downscaling to the study site. R-factors for future dates were estimated by spatial...
Accelerated soil erosion is an undesirable process that adversely affects the conservation of water and soil. Rainfall erosivity is used to measure the potential ability of rain to cause erosion. This study explores spatio-temporal variations in rainfall erosivity in the Pearl River Basin of China during 1960–2012, at annual and seasonal scales based on a daily model proposed by Yu. Analysis methods...
The issue of soil erosion is considered highly important by local administrators of the Chianti region. Thus, a methodology for predicting the long-term average annual soil loss, by using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in a Geographical Information System framework was developed and assessed. The rainfall and runoff erosivity factor was calculated using 35 raingauges with an acquisition...
The Yunnan Plateau (YP), southwest China, is a typical plateau mountain region characterized by a monsoon climate. Soil erosion in the YP is recognized as a major environmental problem. Rainfall is abundant in the YP but distributed unevenly on a spatiotemporal scale. However, little published work is available on rainfall erosivity (R factor) in the YP, an important basic parameter for representing...
Rainfall erosivity is an important factor for estimating soil erosion rates. Understanding the spatial distribution and temporal trends of rainfall erosivity is especially critical for soil erosion risk assessment and soil conservation planning in mainland China. However, reports on the spatial distribution and temporal trends of rainfall erosivity for China, especially of its eight soil erosion regions,...
Check dams can be used as a source of information for studies on sediment characteristics and soil particle erodibility. In this study, sediment yield and grain size distribution (GSD) were measured in twenty small catchments draining into a rock check dam in NW Iran for different runoffs during 2010–2011. Significant correlations were found between sediment yield and slope steepness, vegetation cover...
Understanding changes in Holocene erosion is essential for predicting soil erosion in the future. However, the quantitative response of natural erosion to Holocene climate change is limited for the Loess Plateau of China. In this study, two soil profiles were investigated on the Luochuan and Yanchang sites in the central Loess Plateau of China; and four climate indicators, i.e. magnetic susceptibility,...
Rainfall Erosivity Index (REI) defined as the product of rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity is a well-known hydrologic indicator of the potential risk of soil erosion. Global and regional scale climatic teleconnections with REI variability over South Korea are examined. We calculate leading patterns of observed monthly REIs using the Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection (EOT) and Function...
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